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Types of Cancer


Cancer is a broad term used to encompass several malignant diseases. There are over 100 different types of cancer, affecting various parts of the body. Each type of cancer is unique with its own causes, symptoms, and methods of treatment. Like with all groups of disease, some types of cancer are more common than others. 



Common Types of Cancer
Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men and women. Over one million cases are diagnosed each year, with more young people having skin cancer than ever before. The most common types of cancer in the United States based on frequency of diagnosis are:

    bladder cancer
    breast cancer
    colon cancer
    endometrial cancer
    kidney cancer (renal cell)
    leukemia
    lung cancer
    melanoma
    non-Hodgkin lymphoma
    pancreatic cancer
    prostate cancer
    thyroid cancer


Types of Cancer Classified by Body System

Cancer has the potential to affect every organ in the body. The cells within malignant tumors have the ability to invade neighboring tissues and organs, thus spreading the disease. It is also possible for cancerous cells to break free from the tumor and enter the bloodstream, in turn spreading the disease to other organs. This process of spreading is called metastasis.

When cancer has metastasized and has affected other areas of the body, the disease is still referred to the organ of origination. For instance, if cervical cancer spreads to the lungs, it is still called cervical cancer, not lung cancer.

Blood Cancer: The cells in the bone marrow that give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets can sometimes become cancerous. These cancers are leukemia or lymphoma.

    Leukemia
    Lymphoma
    Multiple Myeloma
    Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Bone Cancer: Bone cancer is a relatively rare type of cancer that can affect both children and adults, but primarily affects children and teens. There are several types of bone cancer, but the most common types are:

    Ewing's Sarcoma
    Osteosarcoma



Brain Cancer: Brain tumors can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous). They affect both children and adults. Malignant brain tumors don't often spread beyond the brain. However, other types of cancer have the ability to spread to the brain. Types of brain cancer include:

    Adult Brain Tumor
    Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood
    Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood
    Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Childhood
    Ependymoma, Childhood
    Medulloblastoma, Childhood
    Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Pineoblastoma, Childhood
    Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Childhood

Breast Cancer: Breast cancer is a common type of cancer that affects women and much less commonly, men. More than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States each year. Types of breast cancer include, but are not limited to:

    ductal carcinoma in situ
    lobular carcinoma in situ
    inflammatory breast cancer
    Paget's disease of the nipple
    Invasive types of breast cancer


Digestive/Gastrointestinal Cancers This is a broad category of cancer that affects everything from the esophagus to the anus. Each type is specific and has its own symptoms, causes, and treatments.

    Anal Cancer
    Bile Duct Cancer, Extrahepatic
    Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal
    Colon Cancer
    Esophageal Cancer
    Gallbladder Cancer
    Liver Cancer, Adult Primary
    Liver Cancer, Childhood
    Pancreatic Cancer
    Rectal Cancer
    Small Intestine Cancer
    Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Endocrine Cancers: The endocrine system is an instrumental part of the body that is responsible for glandular and hormonal activity. Thyroid cancer is the most common of the endocrine cancer types and generally, the least fatal.

    Adrenocortical Carcinoma
    Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal
    Islet Cell Carcinoma (Endocrine Pancreas)
    Parathyroid Cancer
    Pheochromocytoma
    Pituitary Tumor
    Thyroid Cancer




Eye Cancer: Like other organs in the human body, the eyes are vulnerable to cancer as well. Eye cancer can affect both children and adults.

    Melanoma, Intraocular
    Retinoblastoma


Genitourinary Cancers: These types of cancer affect the male genitalia and urinary tract.

    Bladder Cancer
    Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer
    Penile Cancer
    Prostate Cancer
    Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer, Transitional Cell
    Testicular Cancer
    Urethral Cancer
    Wilms' Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors


Gynecologic Cancers: This group of cancer types affect the organs of the female reproductive system. Specialized oncologists called gynecologic oncologists are recommended for treating gynecologic cancer.

    Cervical Cancer
    Endometrial Cancer
    Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
    Ovarian Cancer
    Uterine Sarcoma
    Vaginal Cancer
    Vulvar Cancer


Head and Neck Cancer:
Most head and neck cancers affect moist mucosal surfaces of the head and neck, like the mouth, throat, and nose. Causes of head and neck cancer vary, but cigarette smoking plays a role. Current research suggests a strong HPV link in the development of some head and neck cancer.

    Hypopharyngeal Cancer
    Laryngeal Cancer
    Lip and Oral Cancer
    Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer
    Nasopharyngeal Cancer
    Oropharyngeal Cancer
    Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer
    Parathyroid Cancer
    Salivary Gland Cancer


Respiratory Cancers:
Cigarette smoking is the primary cause for cancer affecting the respiratory system. Exposure to asbestos is also a factor.

    Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell
    Lung Cancer, Small Cell
    Malignant Mesothelioma
    Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma


Skin Cancers:
Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and women. Exposure to the UV rays of the sun is the primary cause for non-melanoma skin cancer and also melanoma.

    Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
    Kaposi's Sarcoma
    Melanoma
    Merkel Cell Carcinoma
    Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer









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